中国职业教育工学结合的新模式与新问题

New Modes and New Problems of Combination of Work with Learning in China's Vocational Education System

在中国,大量的职业学校曾经主要是依靠行政指令来实现与企业的合作教育,然而这一情况却在20世纪的最后十几年间发生了重大改变。从那时开始,一系列与市场经济相适应的工学结合的新模式逐渐应运而生,其中包括"订单培养"的模式,依托行业办教育的"天津模式",以及依托专业办企业的"象山模式"。不过,从国内职业教育发展的总体上看,吸引企业更加积极地参与职业教育仍有赖于外部环境的持续改善,就当前而言,相关的法规与制度建设又显得尤为重要。

In China,most vocational schools had relied on executive orders from the relevant department to achieve school-enterprise cooperation,while changes taken place during the last several years of 20th century.From then on,some new modes of combination of work with learning come into being under the market economy environment,such as ＂order-based training＂,relying on business industry to develop education,and relying on majors to commence business.For China＇s vocational education,the school-enterprise cooperation must be supported by favorable external environment.Currently,it is a right direction to solve the problems by working on regulation and system construction.