1Young MF,Sanowski RA,Rasche R. Comparisonand characterization of ulcerations induced by endoscopic ligation of esophageal varicesversus endoscopic sclerotherapy. Gastrointest Endosc 1993;39:119－ 22.
2Stiegmann GV,Goff Js,Michaletz onody PA,et al.Endoscopic sclerotherapy as comparedwith endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices.N Engl J Med, 1992,326:1527－32.
3Cano I,Urruzuno P,Medina E,et al.Treatmant of esophageal varices by endoscopicligation in children.Eur J pediatr Surg,1995,5:299－ 302.
4De Franchis R,etal:Baveno II:2nd International ConsensusWorkshop:definitions,methodlogy and thempeutic strategies in portalhypertension.Baveno,Italy:April ,1995.
（
5TANG BX, ZHAO WC, FAN JD, et al. Application of endoscopy in treatment of blooding esophageal varices [J]. China Journal of Endoscopy, 2000, 6(2): 39-40. Chinese.
