心性美学的是非考辨——从周敦颐到二程的立诚审美论

An Examination and Research of the Inwardness Aesthetics——the Theory of the Realization of Sincerity in the Confucian School of Cheng Brothers

北宋时期从周敦颐到程颢和程颐所奉行的理学,以先验的"天理"为世界的本源,认为人与一切相关的万物都是承载"天理"的存在,而在人集中体现为内心道德的充盈,实现为禀承"天理"的"立诚"。人只有达到"立诚"至善的程度,才能得天之道,在行为中不勉而中、不思而得,与同是内蕴"天理"的对象亲合为一体。他们认为这对于作为人的心性活动的诗文载道之作和审美静观的自得境界的实现,是主体先在的决定性条件。先验主义和道德主义的理学文艺审美观,如舍弃其客观唯心主义的"天理"决定性,而重视其审美主体应有对于心性之为的正心诚意的修养,则能得到文艺审美创造的有益启示。文章对于二程的心性美学进行了是非的考辨。

Zhou Dunyi and Cheng Brothers took the transcendental heavenly principles as the origin of the world,considering mankind and all the things on earth bearing the same moral principles.The artistic appreciation based on transcendental idealism and moralism can inspire artistic creation. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of inwardness Aesthetics.