中国特大城市空间形态演变研究

Urban Morphology Evolution of Chinese Metropolitans

以2008年全国52个百万人口以上的特大城市为样本,分析了1990-2008年中国特大城市空间形态在形状指数、空间紧凑度和空间破碎度方面的演变特征。研究表明:1)中国特大城市空间形态趋向带状特征,形状率和圆形率指数均呈下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是西北部、西部和东部地区的城市;2)空间紧凑度下降,面积-周长紧凑度和面积-轴线紧凑度指数均呈下降趋势,下降幅度最大的是西部地区的城市;3)空间破碎度趋于增强,分形维数呈上升趋势,上升幅度最大的是西南和东南部地区的城市;4)影响中国特大城市空间形态特征变化的因素主要有城市规模的扩大、新型城市空间要素的出现和城市空间结构的多中心化。

This paper studies on urban morphology evolution of Chinese metropolitans from 1990 to 2008, takes 52 Chinese metropolitans with population more than I 000 000 as cases. The results indicate：Firstly, spatial shape feature of Chinese metropolitans has becoming banded, shape indexes are declined especially in cities of north west, west and east area. Secondly, spatial compactness feature has becoming down, compactness indexes are declined especially in cities of west area. Thirdly, spatial fragmen- tation has been growing up, fractal index is rised especially in cities of south west and south east area. Finally, the factors affecting morphology evolution of Chinese metropolitans include urban scale, spatial element and spatial structure.