基于雨洪综合管理的上海临港新城降雨径流水文模拟

Hydrological Simulation of Rainfall Runoff Based on the View of Stormwater Integrated Management in Shanghai Lingang New City

针对当前城市严峻的雨洪生态环境问题,在多目标雨洪控制利用的视角下,确定了径流削减、洪涝控制、水质保障、雨水资源化利用的雨洪综合管理体系。基于GIS平台,结合上海市临港新城总体规划愿景,建设研究区雨洪综合管理GIS数据库。在两级集水区层面,对研究区未来的地表径流产流、洪水与内涝淹没、径流污染负荷进行了空间模拟,进而判别出研究区的径流削减重点控制区域、洪水与内涝高危区域、水质保障重点控制区域,并通过雨水资源化利用需求分析,确定了研究区雨水回收利用重点区域的雨水存储设施建设规模。结果表明:1)LEED标准降雨事件下,开发后相比开发前,研究区径流产流总量增加了637 776.87m3(23.44%);两级集水区中,径流削减重点控制区域分别占研究区总面积的43.10%、55.05%。2)研究区分别有10.61%、26.98%的用地存在较高的洪水和暴雨内涝风险。3)WQv标准降雨事件下,研究区NH3-N、TP、TSS 3种污染物的总负荷量分别达2.27t、1.03t、797.33t;两级集水区中,水质保障重点控制区域分别占研究区总面积的39.24%、18.52%。本研究可为后续的城市雨洪综合管理提供依据,对城市水资源的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Based on the view of stormwater integrated management, a multi-objective comprehensive system for regional flood control,runoff reduction, non-point source pollution reduction and rainwater resource utilization has been set up in order to solve the current urban stormwater ecological and environmental problems effectively. Under the vision of Shanghai Lingang New City urban master plan,a space-based database system for stormwater integrated management was constructed in GIS platform, and then it simulated the ground runoff and runoff pollution of each land use plan type in two watershed levels, it also analyzed the rainstorm and flood submerged area. The construction scale of rainwater storage facilities was determined through rainwater uti- lization demand analysis. The results show that, compared with pre-development period, in LEED rainfall event, the amount of runoff production increased 637 776. 87 m^3 （23. 44%） in the whole region. In the study area, the high-risk areas of flood and waterlogging accounted for 10. 61% and 26.98% of the total. Moreover, in WQv rainfall event, the total NH3-N.TP,TSS runoff pollutant load was a staggering 2. 27 t. 1.03 t, 797. 33 t, the priority areas of runoff reduction and non-point source pollution reduction occupied 43.10% ,39.24% ,and 55.05%, 18.52% of the total in two watershed levels. The study is the research foundation of urban rainwater control-utilization control and management, and has important significance to the sustainable of urban water resources.