中国中小学生皮褶厚度与体成分研究

Study on the measurement of skinfold thickness and estimation of body composition in Chinese primary and secondary school students

目的 分析中国中小学生皮褶厚度和体成分发育规律和特点。方法 抽样测量 13省市 82 92 1名 7～ 18岁学生肱三头肌和肩胛下皮褶厚度 (两处皮褶厚度 ) ,利用长岭和Brozek公式估测体成分。结果 男生肱三头肌皮褶厚度在 11岁达高峰 ( 10 9mm) ,其后逐步下降。肩胛下皮褶厚度自 7岁时的 5 7mm迅速上升到 12岁时的 8 7mm ;其后增速减缓 ,18岁达 10 8mm。女生两处皮褶厚度分别自 7岁起的 8 9mm和 6 0mm持续上升到 18岁时的 17 0mm和 16 5mm ,尤其青春后期增幅显著。男生体脂比自 7岁时的 14 0 %逐步上升 ,10～ 14岁期间维持在 16 1%～ 17 6 %的相对高水平 ;突增高峰后下降明显 ,15～ 18岁时仅约为 13%。女生的体脂比自 7岁时的 19 6 %上升到 12岁时的 2 3 0 % ,到 18岁时达到 2 5 6 % ,在所有年龄组都显著高于男生。男女生的瘦体重量均随年龄增长呈上升趋势 ,但男女性别差异随年龄增长逐步扩大 ,7岁时男生较女生高 12 1% ,14岁时高 16 8% ,18岁时高34 0 %。各群体间在皮褶厚度上存在地区、城乡、社会经济状况的差异。建立了中国 7～ 18岁中小学生两处皮褶厚度之和参照值。我国学生的P50 水平明显低于日本学生 ,提示我国学生目前的总体体脂水平并不高 ,但在P90 、P95、P97等高百分位数上与日本差异?

Objective To determine the patterns and characteristics of skinfold thickness and body composition of Chinese primary and secondary school students. Methods 82 921 Han youths aged 7 through 18 were randomly selected from 13 provinces. Their biceps and subscapular skinfolds were measured and the body compositions were estimated by using Changling′s and Brozek′s models. Results In boys, the biceps skinfolds reached the top of 109 mm, and then gradually decreased. The subscapular skinfolds increased rapidly from 57 mm in aged 7 to 87 mm in aged 12, and then slowly increased to 108 mm in aged 18 The biceps and subscapular skinfolds of girls gradually increased from 89 mm and 60 mm in aged 7, to 170 mm and 165 mm in aged 18, respectively. Their increments were especially large during the post-puberty period. The percentage of fat in boys increased from 140% in aged 7 to the relatively higher levels (161%-176%) during aged 10-14, and then decreased significantly to about 13% in the 15-18 age groups. The percentage of fat in girls significantly increased from 196% in aged 7 to 230% in aged 12, and reached 256% in aged 18. The percentage of fat of the girls was significantly higher than that of the boys in all age groups. The lean body mass, both of the boys and girls, gradually increased from age 7 to age 18, but the absolute increments of boys were 121% higher in aged 7, 168% higher in aged 14, and 34% higher in aged 18 than that of girls, Significant differences of skinfold thickness were found not only among different areas and socioeconomic groups, but also between urban and rural populations . The percentile norms of the sum of skinfold thickness were set up, both for boys and girls, respectively. It was found that the P 50 of the norms were evidently lower than that of the Japanese, which showed the generally low level of Chinese students′ skinfolds. But the differences of skinfolds between Chinese and Japanses in the high percentiles, such as the P 90, P 95 and P 97, were small, which suggested the subcutaneous body fat of many Chinese adolescents had already reached a quite high level. Conclusions It will be a big challenge to prevent obesity among Chinese students in the near future. The percentile norms set up in this study cover various age and sex groups of Chinese students. These norms will be useful for further screening obesity in Chinese students.