免疫胶体金快速诊断技术的临床应用与质量控制

Application of immune colloidal gold technique in disease diagnosis and its quality control

目的:免疫胶体金技术(ICGT)是继免疫荧光、放射性免疫和酶联免疫吸附法之后发展起来的固相标记免疫测定技术,了解ICGT在临床快速诊断的应用,提出在此实验过程中的质量控制建议。方法:以胶体金作为示踪标志物,应用于抗原抗体反应中。通过文献检索与归纳,对目前胶体金免疫技术的临床诊断、应用和常见问题进行总结。结果:医学检验中应用的免疫胶体金快速检测技术主要方法——快速斑点免疫金渗滤法(DIGFA)和胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)均以微孔滤膜为载体,该技术具有敏感性和特异性高、操作便捷及可快速判读结果等特点。结论:ICGT因其操作简便、快速诊断的特点,适用于广大基层医疗单位并能在现场进行检测和诊断。

Objective： Immune colloidal gold technique with colloidal gold as a tracer markers, is the essential solid phase marker immunoassay technology after the immunofluorescence, radioactive immune and ELISA method in the immunization field. Methods： The two main methods of this technology are dot immunogold filtration assay DIGFA and colloidal gold immune chromatography GICA. Both methods are based on microporous membrane carrier. Results： Because the technique is highly sensitive, specific, operating easily and result visible, it has been widely used in primary hospital for POCT. Conclusion： This review summarized its application in disease diagnosis and quality control in operation.