宋代家祠研究

Studies on the Ancestral Hall of the Song Dynasty

中国祠堂,起源于原始社会末期的祖先崇拜,诞生于周代宗庙,经历汉代墓祠、唐代家庙,到宋代发展成为家祠,即设置在住处房屋内或房屋旁的家庭祠堂。本文论述了宋代宗族群体的形成,朝廷对宗庙制度的讨论,士庶祭祖出现新形式家祠的特点,朱熹《家礼》对民间祠堂发展产生的重要影响。与单独建立在住处以外、主要设置在首都的唐代家庙不同,和明清时代单独建立在住处以外的宗族祠堂也有区别,宋代家祠处于唐代家庙至明清宗族祠堂的过渡状态。宋代家祠处于中国祠堂发展的重要历史阶段。

The Chinese ancestral temple, stemmed from the ancestor worship in the late primitive society, was born in the ancestral temple of the Zhou Dynasty, experienced the Han Dynasty grave ancestral temple and the Tang Dynasty family temple, became ancestral hall in the Song Dynasty, which was the family ancestral hall set in or next to the dwelling house. This article discuss the formation of the clan groups of the Song Dynasty, the discussion of ancestral temple system from the court, the characteristics of the new forms of the ancestral hall when the gentry and the multitude placed for ancestral worship, the important impact of the Zhu Xi＇ s Home Ceremony which developed the civil ancestral hall. Different from the Tang Dynasty family temple, which built outside of dwelling house and mainly set in the capital, also distinguished from clan ancestral hall of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, which established separately outside the dwelling house, the Song Dynasty ancestral hall was in the transitional period between the Tang Dynasty family temple and the Ming and Qing Dynasty clan ancestral hall. The Song Dynasty ancestral hall was in an important historical stage of development of the Chinese ancestral temple.