明清以来苏闽宗族祠堂比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Ancestral Temples between Jiangsu and Fujian Province Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清以降,中国境内宗族组织获得了巨大发展,与宗族组织的发展相适应,民间社会倾力建设祠堂的积极性高涨。明清时期的官府尤其是清政府对祠堂建设采取鼓励和劝导政策,将之视为社会稳定的基本条件。我们从江苏、福建两地祠堂的地域比较中看到:两地宗族祠堂建设中存在诸如众力协作、推崇科第人才等共性,同时也存在兴建主体上的某些差异,譬如,江苏宗族祠堂建设中的主角是士绅,而福建宗族祠堂建设中则活跃着更多商人的身影。延续到当下社会,福建宗族祠堂建设融入了海外华人力量,于是呈现出雄伟壮观的态势,而在江苏则较难见到宗祠的踪迹。

Clan organizations have grown enormously since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Civil society did their best to build the ancestral temples, and encouraging and dissuasive policies had been carried out by the governments for social stabili- ty in the ancestral temple construction. From the angle of geographical comparison, we noticed that common features, such as multitude collaboration, respecting the candidates in the imperial examinations, exist in the ancestral temple construction in Jiangsu and Fujian provinces. Some differences in the subject of construction exist in two provinces, for instance, protagonist was gentry in the ancestral temple construction in Jiangsu province, businessman play the part of protagonist in the ancestral temple construction in Fujian province. In the contemporary society, the ancestral temple presents a new and magnificent look because overseas Chinese forces had been integrated into the ancestral temple construction in Fujian province ; and the ances- tral temple was difficult to be found in Jiangsu province.