西周至春秋战国时期土地所有制关系的历史嬗变

Study on the Historic Change of Land-Ownership from Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period

把握生产资料的所有制关系是把握社会的基础和前提。封建社会的核心问题是土地问题。中国的封建社会分为三个阶段:一是西周时期的领主制封建社会;二是春秋战国时期的过渡性封建社会;三是秦汉至明清的地主制封建社会。从历史分析的角度来看,科学把握西周和春秋战国时期的土地所有制关系,对于中国封建社会的研究具有正本清源的意义。本文首先剖析了西周时期的封建领主私有制,批判了封建土地国有制,研究了西周宣王时期的土地所有制关系的嬗变;其次考察了春秋战国时期的变法、土地兼并和双层土地所有制关系;然后考证了井田制的产生、发展和衰落;最后辨析了封建领主私有制和封建地主私有制的异同。

Mastering the resource ownership relationship is the premise and basis of cognizing one society. Land problem had been a core issue in Chinese Feudal Society, which can be divided into three stages： the feudal lord society in Western Zhou Dynasty ; the transitional feudal society from the Spring and Autumn Period to Warring States Period; the feudal landlord society from Qin and Han Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dy- nasty. Based on a historical perspective, the study on land-ownership and its historic change from Western Zhou Dynasty to the spring and autumn period and Warring States Period will be very important for analyzing the whole Chinese Feudal Society. Therefore, firstly, this paper analyses the historic change of feudal lords land-ownership and the well-farmland system in Western Zhou Dynasty, and criticizes the view of the state- owned system for this period. Secondly, this paper analyses a series of political reforms, land annexation phenomena and the double system of land -ownership from the Spring and Autumn Period to Warring States Period. Thirdly, this paper analyses the production, development and decline of the well-farmland system. Finally, this paper analyses the essential difference between the feudal lord land-ownership and the feudal land- lord land-ownership.