祁连山北坡气候梯度变化对比研究

Comparative study on climate gradient changes in the north slope of Qilian Mountains

试验利用祁连山北坡沿海拔梯度布设的气象站的多年观测数据,采取差值对比方法,研究山地垂直气候带的空间梯度变化规律.结果表明:祁连山北坡海拔每升高100m,年均气温降低约0.52℃,≥0℃和≥10℃的年均积温分别降低147.8℃和160.6℃;在海拔1 700～3 300m区间内,海拔每升高100m,年均降水量增加约17.41mm;在海拔3 300～3 800m区间内,海拔每升高100m,年均降水量减少约30.21mm;海拔每升高100m,年均土温降低约0.8℃,生长季节土壤含水量递增约5.13%.年均无霜期减少量是海拔增加量的0.065 9倍.和过去比,近10a来祁连山北坡气温、积温、地温呈波动性变化,略有升高,降水量和土壤含水量也呈波动性变化,但略有下降.

Under the background of global warming,using meteorological station observation data along altitudinal gradient in the north slope of Qilian Mountains,and taking the difference contrast method,climatic belt spatial gradient change in mountains was researched.The results showed that when altitude increased 100 m in the north slope of Qilian Mountains,the average annual temperature decreased about 0.52 ℃,annual accumulated temperature of 0 ℃ and ≥10 ℃decreased 147.8 ℃ and 160.6 ℃,respectively;the average annual rainfall increased about 17.41 mm from 1 700 m to 3 300 m in altitude,the average annual rainfall decreased about 30.21 mm from 3 300 m to 3 800 m in altitude;average annual soil temperature reduced about 0.8 ℃,soil moisture content increased about 5.13% in growing season;average frost-free period reduced 0.065 9 times.Comparing with the past,temperature,soil temperature,accumulated temperature in north slope of Qilian Mountains showed volatility slightly elevated,precipitation and soil moisture was volatility slightly dropped in the recent 10 years.