云南红骨圭山山羊微卫星 ＤＮＡ位点遗传多样性分析

Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Red-bone Guishan Goats and Common Guishan Goats

圭山山羊是云南省唯一一个国家级羊类遗传资源保护品种,而红骨圭山山羊是2006年在云南省圭山山羊中发现的特异性个性。本研究选择了分布在全基因组的29个微卫星分子标记分析了红骨圭山山羊和非红骨山羊两个种群的遗传多样性。结果表明,29个微卫星标记中仅7个表现为多态,其中MAF70,SRCRSP23,CSRD247,ILSTS087,TGLA53,DRBP1共计6个微卫星标记表现为2个等位基因,P19(DYA)微卫星座位表现为4个等位基因。非红骨和红骨群体微卫星位点平均等位基因数,平均有效等位基因数基本相同,多态微卫星位点的PIC在0.245 5～0.690 0之间变动。红骨山羊群体位点的平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度稍高于非红骨。29个微卫星标记中仅MAF70,SRCRSP23,CSRD247,ILSTS087,TGLA53微卫星座位处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。本研究中有22个微卫星标记在两个群体中表现为纯合子。此外,7个微卫星标记在两个群体中的有效基因类型完全一致。因此,推断红骨圭山山羊不是一个新的品种,与普通圭山山羊为同一个品种。而红骨圭山山羊的"红骨现象"可能是普通圭山山羊由于环境或者其他因素导致的骨骼代谢异常或者个别基因突变而致。

Guishan goat is an important goat breed from Yunnan province. In this study, 29 microsat- ellite markers were selected to analyze the genetic diversity and characteristics of red-boned Guishan goats and common Guishan goats. Of the 29 selected microsatellite markers, only 7 polymorphic mark- ers were found. MAF70, SRCRSP23, CSRD247, ILSTS087, TGLA53 and DRBP1 loci have 2 al-leles, P19 （DYA） locus has 4 alleles. The average of allele number and average valid allele number in each microsatellite locus of common Guishan goats and red-bone Guishan goats were almost the same, the PIC of polymorphic loci varied between 0. 245 5 - 0. 690 0, the average observed heterozygosity and average expected heterzygosity of red bone population were slightly above the common population. Chi-square test showed that 5 loci of MAF70, SRCRSP23, CSRD247, ILSTS087 and TGLA53 in 29 microsatellite markers were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in 74 individuals. Twentytwo microsatellite loci presented as homozygous and no specific effective genotype had been found in two populations. Therefore, we conclude that red bone Guishan goats and common Guishan goats belong to the same variety, and the red bone phenomenon can be considered as the result of environmental factor or abnormal skeleton metabolism and some gene mutations.