南山森林公园植物群落物种多样性

Species Diversity of Plant Community in Nanshan Forest Park

2009年6月、7月、2011年7月在河南济源南山森林公园,采取样方调查法,对侧柏、刺槐、栓皮栎典型森林群落进行物种多样性调查。结果表明:Margalef(R)、Shannon-Wiener(H)和Pielou(J)指数均为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,Simpson(D)为乔木层>灌木层>草本层。不同林龄刺槐群落物种多样性为30a>20a>40a>10a。不同坡向分析表明:侧柏和刺槐群落在南坡多样性较高;栓皮栎群落各坡向上相差不大。侧柏群落不同林分密度分析表明:乔木层多样性为中密度>高密度>低密度;灌木层为高密度>低密度>中密度;草本层为高密度>中密度>低密度。因此,对30a以上的成熟刺槐林应及时更新;对高密度下的侧柏群落乔木层应进行适合强度的间伐,合理调整林分密度,保持物种多样性。

An investigation was carried out on the species diversity of three typical forest communities,Platycladus orientalis,Robinia pseudoacacia and Quercus variabilis by sampling method in Nanshan Forest Park in Jiyuan,Henan Province in June and July 2009,July 2011.The results showed that the values of Marglef index（R）,Shannon-Wiener index（H） and Pielou index（J） were in the order of herb layershrub layertree layer,the values of Simpson index（D） were in the order of tree layershrub layerherb layer in three typical forest communities.The species diversity of R.pseudoacacia of plantations with different ages was 30-year20-year40-year10-year-old.On different slope aspects,the species diversity indices were higher on the southern and western directions for the P.orientalis and the R.pseudoacacia.There were no significant differences on the different slope aspects for the Q.variabilis.To different stand densities of P.orientalis,the species diversity of tree layer was mediumhighlow density,the shrub layer was highlowmedium density and the herb layer was highmediumlow density.Therefore,from the view of stand age,the positive human disturbance and regeneration should be taken to the mature R.pseudoacacia plantation.From the stand intensity perspective,the suitable intensity of intermediate cutting should be taken to the tree layer of the P.orientalis plantation under high density to adjust the stand density and to keep the species diversity.