政治义务的立与破:基于自愿主义的一种审视逻辑

Analyzing Political Obligation: An Review Based on Voluntarism

许多政治义务理论致力于证成公民个体具有服从政治共同体的政治义务,而自愿主义则是其中影响最大的一种。自愿主义政治义务理论的核心主旨在于:对于公民个体而言,政治义务必须是经过其本人同意的一种自愿承担。具体来说,自愿主义政治义务理论的这一理论内核贯穿于它的三个常规版本和两个修正版本之中,常规版本包括明示同意、假然同意与历史性同意,而多数同意与隐然同意则为其修正版本。与此同时,作为修正版本的隐然同意还涉及两个"应用特例":一个是选举中的投票行为;另一个是居住地默许行为。

Many theories of political obligation try to prove that individuals have a political obligation to obey the wills of the political community, and voluntarism is one of the most influential. The core i-dea of the voluntarist theory of political obligation is that for each individual citizen, political obligation must be a voluntary commitment based on his consent. To be specific, this idea is the thread running through the three conventional versions and two revised versions of this theory of political obligation： the conventional versions include express consent, hypothetical consent and historical consent; the re- vised ones include majority consent and tacit consent. At the same time, tacit consent as the core of the revised versions of the theory also involves two ＂application examples＂： one is the voting behavior in the process of election; another is the tacit consent through residence.