明代的选学与赋论

Literary Selections and Theory of Fu in Ming Dynasty

明代选学兴盛,其选赋之作则有"广、续《文选》"系、"赋集"系与"文总集"系三大类,汇总前人,推崇赋体,充分表现出因辨体而复古的倾向。明人选赋,其中一个主要特征是由尊"《选》"与辨"选"到辨"体"而宗"汉",多数赋选均以汉赋为鹄的,构建赋学历史观,并树立起辞赋创作之经典。而明人复兴"选学"以及选赋之风的炽盛,是伴随明中叶弘治、嘉靖以后文学复古思潮而来,其对汉赋特别是司马相如赋的推崇、评点汉赋功用与气象所包含的当世精神、以及对赋体脱离科举文战而表现的艺术鉴赏,均体现了当代文人化复古于赋论思想的提升。

The Ming Dynasty witnessed a revival of following three categories： continuing and enlarging literary selections, which can be divided into the the classical selections; building special collec-tions of the fu poetry; and establishing comprehensive collections of different literary genres. The scholars in different schools, however, showed a common tendency to extol thefu poetry while working on the basis of what their predecessors＇ had done. They usually resorted to the criteria of the Han Dy-nasty when selecting the fu poems though respecting the pattern and standard embodied in the Selec-tions of Prince Zhaoming. In so doing, they constructed their own historical view on the fu poetry and at the same time created some classicalfu poems. The revival of literary selections and thefu poetry in the Ming Dynasty was actually a consequence of the social trend at that time, when there was a renais-sance of the traditions before the Jin Dynasty and the merits offu poetry （especially thefu poems of Si-ma Xiangru） were recontextalized and given new interpretations.