输尿管结石超声定位在体外震波碎石中的应用

Study of ultrasonic localization for ureteral stones applied to ESWL

目的 贵州山区结石发病率很高 ,输尿管结石很常见 ,本文收集近 2年来 90例各段输尿管结石患者应用B型超声探查 ,摸索出一套简便易行的定位方法。方法 输尿管上段结石 ,采用仰卧位 ,超声探头位于同侧 ,与水平偏摆 3 0～ 5 0°角自下向上探查 ,选择扩张的肾盂 ,输尿管及肾下极作为标志物协助定位。输尿管中 ,下段结石者 ,采取侧卧位 ,探头位于同侧 ,与水平呈 5 0～ 70°角 ,选择充盈膀胱和搏动的骼外、髂总动脉作为标志物协助定位。结果 结果显示按此法上、下段输尿管结石容易探查和定位 ,探查显示率达 10 0 %。中段输尿管结石的17例中 ,有 2例因过于肥胖而未能确定位置 ,显示率达 87%。结论 作者认为各段输尿管结石均可在无输助措施条件下 ,用灵活体位进行超声定位 ,且中段输尿管结石并非是定位盲区 ,可以借助标志加以确定 。

Objective The article reported 90 patients with ureteral stones The stones were scanned by B type ultrasound A set of simple and easy methods was developed to facilitate the location of upper,middle and low ureteral stones Methods The methods were described in detail including the position of the probe,the angle tilted and the landmarks Results The detection rate of upper and low ureteral stones was 100%,while that of middle ureteral stones was 93 4% The clinical result of ESWLwas satisfactory Conclusion It is suggested that ureteral calculi can be located by ultrasound without any other assistant measure Middle ureteral calculi are not too difficult to be located with the help of certain landmarks The study shows that the application of lithotriptor epuipped with ultrasonic location system will be further promoted