美国教师入门指导政策改革述评

On the Teacher Induction Policy Reform in the United States

20世纪80年代伊始,美国兴起教师入门指导政策和计划,以支持新任教师的专业发展。教师入门指导政策达到几个方面的政策目标,诸如减少教师的离职率,提高教师质量以及学生教育成就。美国各州在入门指导计划政策的实践中出现了许多优秀的模式,包括加利福利亚州的新教师支持与评价计划、伊利诺斯州的教师入门指导计划连续体和俄亥俄州的新教师入职年计划等。美国教师入门指导政策改革体现了以下特点:(1)设置入门指导计划的目标;(2)制定入门指导计划的标准;(3)重视入门指导计划的辅导;(4)加强入门指导计划的投入。

Abstract： In the United States, the policies on teacher induction and professional development of beginning teachers emerged in the 1980s. Teacher induction policies serve a range of policy objectives including reducing the teacher drop- out rate, improving teacher quality and student achievement. High-quality teacher induction policy and program models come into force in the USA, such as California Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment Programme, Illinois Induction Program Continuum and the Entry Year Program in Ohio. Beginning teacher induction policies and programs mainly consists of four main categories ： （ 1 ） New teacher induction requirements ; （2） Induction program standards ; （3） Mentor support guidance ; （4） Induction funding policy.