机械处理对房山栎和夏栎种子萌发和生长的影响

Effects of Mechanical Treatments on Germination and Growth of Quercus×fangshanensis and Q. robur Seeds

以房山栎和夏栎种子为材料,研究去碗疤、去皮、去除1/2子叶、去除2/3子叶对种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:1)房山栎和夏栎存在延迟萌发、出苗不整齐和只出根不萌芽现象。2)与对照相比,去皮(全子叶)、切除1/2子叶和2/3子叶均显著降低房山栎和夏栎种子根和芽的平均萌发时间,提高根和芽的萌发整齐性指数,增加根和芽的活力指数;去皮和1/2子叶处理显著增加种子出根率、萌芽率、根长和苗高,而切除2/3子叶处理种子的出根率和萌芽率有显著提高,但根长和苗高与对照没有显著差异。3)与全子叶比,去除子叶过多(2/3)显著降低种子的出根率和萌芽率。4)去碗疤显著降低房山栎和夏栎种子的平均发芽时间,但萌发整齐性指数、出根率、萌芽率、活力指数、根长和苗高没有显著增加。因此,去皮(全子叶)和去除1/2子叶处理效果较好,能有效促进房山栎和夏栎种子萌发和整齐性出苗。

The germination delay and irregulation of Quercus seeds affect the seedling quality and growth. In this study we investigated effects of different mechanical treatments, including removing cup scar （RS）, removing pericarp （sound cotyledon） （RP/SC）, removing pericarp and cutting off 1/2 cotyledon （HC）, removing pericarp and cutting off 2/3 cotyledon （TC）, on seed germination and seedling growth of Q. ×fangshanensis and Q. robur. The results showed that 1） both species had characteristics of delayed and irregular germination and emerged roots without shoots; 2） compared with untreated control（CK）, RP, HC and TC significantly shortened the root and shoot mean germination time of Q. ×fangshanensis and Q. robur seeds, and increased root and shoot synchronization index and vigor index; RP and HC could significantly increase seed rooting and germination percentage, root length and shoot height, and TC significantly promoted the seed rooting and shooting germination percentage compared with CK, however, the root length and shoot height with TC treatment had no significant difference from CK; 3） compared with sound cotyledon, cutting off too much cotyledon （2/3） remarkably decreased seed rooting and germinating percentage; 4） removing cup scar significantly decreased the root length and shoot height, mean germination time, however, no siginificant difference was detected on the root and shoot synchronization index, germination percentage and vigor index between RS and CK. Thus, RP and HC can effectively accelerate germination and uniform seedlings, which has an important practical significance in Q. ×fangshanensis and Q. robur seedlings.