昆嵛山森林群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局

Numerical Classification, Ordination and Species Diversity along Elevation Gradients of the Forest Community in Kunyu Mountain

根据野外样方调查和主要立地因子数据,采用双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)方法,对昆嵛山森林群落进行分类和采用除趋势对应分析(DCA)和典范对应分析(CCA)方法进行排序,并分析植物分布与立地因子的关系及物种多样性沿海拔梯度分布格局。结果表明:物种累积曲线分析方法显示40块标准样地抽样充分;TWINSPAN方法将昆嵛山森林群落分为9种类型;样方的DCA排序明确地揭示各群落类型境地分布范围;样地和物种CCA排序较好地揭示立地因子对森林类型和物种分布格局的影响。物种丰富度随海拔升高而增加,在中海拔(300m)出现最大值,至450m处趋于平缓。Shannon-Weiner指数和Simpson指数随海拔升高而增加,但增加趋势不十分明显;Pielou's均匀度指数在海拔500m以下分布平缓,500m以上随海拔升高而呈增加趋势。

Based on a field investigation of 40 vegetation plots （30 m×30 m） in Kunyu Mountain and the main site factors, forest communities were classified and the species diversity pattern along the altitudinal gradient was analyzed by using two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）, detrended correspondence analysis （DCA）, and canonical correspondence analysis （CCA）. Analysis of species accumulation curves indicated that samples from the 40 permanent plots were statistically sufficient for analyzing the species composition. The results showed that the forest communities were classified into 9 types by TWINSPAN. The results of DCA clearly reflected the distribution range of various community types, and CCA indicated the influences of site factors on the distribution pattern of community types and species. Species richness increased sharply with an increasing elevation below 300 m, with the maximum at 300 m, then decreased significantly, and did not change greatly above 450 m. Shannon-Wiener index rose slightly with an increasing elevation, and Simpson index had a similar trend. Pielou’s index increased gradually below 500 m, and rose sharply above 500 m.