城市固体废弃物管理(MSWM)国内外研究综述——基于生命周期评价方法

Literature review on municipal solid waste management(MSWM):Based on the method of life cycle assessment

利用生命周期评价(LCA)工具对城市固体废弃物管理(MSWM)的环境影响进行定量评价,能够帮助城市管理者寻找到环境成本和经济成本最小的处理方式,国内外研究者为此做了大量的研究。就生命周期评价标准(2006)的研究领域和规模、功能单位、系统边界、相关软件与数据库等方面,对国内外研究文献进行对比分析后发现:现有研究存在较大差异;缺乏透明性、规范性将制约LCA广泛应用;政府、学术组织以及团体应在数据的可获得性、完整性、研究标准的统一等方面努力,并根据本区域的资源禀赋、地理差异选择最优的废弃物管理方式。

The researchers at home and abroad have done many works to make quantitative evaluation on environmental impact of municipal solid waste management by using the life cycle assessment tool, which could help the municipal administrator find the proper way with minimum environmental cost and economic cost. The paper made the comparative analysis according to the life cycle assessment standard 2006 on dimensions and scale boundary, inventory analysis, functional units, systems, LCA software and database. The research literatures revealed that there were plenty of differences among the existing research. Governments, academic and social organizations should make efforts in the data availability, integrity, the harmonization of standards, and choose the optimal waste management practices according to the regional resource endowments and geography differences.