大学生应对方式的发展特点及其对心理健康的影响

Developmental Characteristics of University Students' Coping Styles and Their Impact on Psychological Health: A Longitudinal Study

深入考察大学生应对方式的发展特点及其对心理健康的影响,以期为大学生心理健康教育提供实证依据和理论指导;采用横断研究与纵向研究相结合的方式,对660名大学生进行了问卷研究。结果发现:各年级大学生位居前3名的应对方式均为"筹划行动"、"接受"与"主动克制";4年中,大学生的应对方式发生了显著变化(F=2.498,P=0.000),但并未随着年级的升高而变积极;"情绪宣泄"和"求助宗教"对大学生心理健康的各项指标均具显著的消极影响,"停滞放弃"则对人际敏感性、抑郁和总体心理健康状况具有显著消极影响(P值均小于0.05)。大学生的不良应对方式值得关注,应根据不同年级特点开展心理健康教育。

To explore the developmental characteristics of university students＇ coping styles and their impact,and to provide scientific base for psychological well-being education.This study administered both cross-sectional and longitudinal questionnaire surveys on 660 university students.Results of the study indicated the following：＇Action taking＇,＇accepting＇and＇active self-control＇ are the top three coping styles adopted by all of the students of different grades;coping styles of undergraduates changed significantly during the four years of college life（F=2.498,P=0.000）,but they did not become more positive with the increasing of the grades;＇venting of emotions＇ and＇turning to religion＇ had significant negative influences on all of the indicators of mental health,while＂stagnating and give up＂ had significant negative influences on interpersonal sensibility,depression and total psychological health（P0.05）.The paper discussed the above-mentioned results and also gave some suggestions on the education of psychological health.More attention is necessary to be paid to undergraduates＇negative coping style;Psychological education practice should be based on the characteristics of different grade.