论词绝句与清词的经典化

On the Classic of the Ci in Qing Dynasty and the Quatrains on the Ci Poems

相对于唐宋词而言,清词的经典化程度远远不够,在文学经典化的过程中整体上处于"缺席"状态。但也不应否认,清代以及民国的词学家也借助于不同的方式,从不同的层面建构着清词中的经典,这其中论词绝句的经典化功能值得重视。论词绝句是清代词学批评的重要方式之一,以诗论词,形象鲜明,易于记诵,便于传播,在清词经典化的建构中别具一格。论词绝句偏重于清词名家名篇的题咏,或从词史视角对清代词人予以定位,或用摘句批评的方式表彰清词名篇佳作。而论词绝句组诗,或古今通论,将本朝词家放在词史经典的序列里,肯定清词比肩唐宋,堪称典范;或专论本朝,而在词坛名家的筛选与定位上,亦具有鲜明的经典化意味。

To the Tang and Song Dynasties, the classic degree of the ci in the Qing Dynasty is not enough and the “absence” sta- tus in the whole process of hterary classics, but it should not be denied. The ci experts in the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China in different ways constructed the classic from different forms and the classic function of ci poems should be paid attention to. The quatrains on the ci is one of the important ways of criticism of ci poems in Qing Dynasty, which are vivid, easy to remem- ber. easy to communicate and have their own style in the construction of the canonization.