欧美单边气候立法及其对国际法的影响

On the Unilateral Climate Legislation in the EU and the US and its Impact on International Law

当前,应对气候变化的多边国际法正面临生死存亡的巨大挑战,而以欧美为代表的发达缔约方确已在国内或区域内建成了体系完备的单边气候立法。欧美单边气候立法的确立和实施的过程中普遍以碳泄漏和公平竞争力为借口对抗既有国际法已经确立的"共同但有区别责任原则"下的国际机制。应对气候变化的国际机制的零和博弈有着深层次的法律经济学原因,虽然现行应对气候变化的国际法为欧美单边气候立法提供了框架性授权,然而,欧美单边气候立法却实际损害了多边机制发挥国际协调一致行动的能力,并引发了国际争端。

The international law to cope with climate changes is faced up with great challenges, and the EU and the US have established a complete system of unilateral legislations on climate, which, under the guise of carbon leakage and fair competition, opposes to the existing international mechanism of ＂The principle of Common but Differentiated Responsi- bility＂. The unilateral climate legislations of EU and the US actually damage the capability of the multilateral mechanisms which play internationally coordinated actions, and these legislations have led to international disputes.