民间仪式与权力意志——华北米村丧葬仪式的变迁研究

Folk Ceremonies and the Will to Power——Transformations of Burial Ceremonies in Mi Cun, North China

本文将乡村民间仪式的研究置于国家政权建设与社会转型双重背景之下,考察了民间仪式的变迁历程,探讨了究竟是何种力量主导了民间仪式的变化。对华北米村丧葬仪式变迁历程的分析发现,在民间仪式的实践场中,国家与社会发生互动,共同推演着仪式的变迁;仪式的存在与发展并不是某一权力单一作用的结果,其中包含着不同权力主体相互博弈,是村庄主体——乡民——在经济、社会与文化场域中基于生存而做出的选择;在此过程中,仪式变迁不是一种权力征服另一种权力,而是不同权力相互博弈的结果。

This paper puts the studies of folk ceremonies into the backgrounds of the establishment of state power and social transformation, and focuses on the transformational process of folk ceremonies and its causes. Taking the exam- ple of Mi Cun in North China, we find that, in the practice of folk ceremonies, there are interacts between state and so- ciety, which promote the transformation of ceremonies together. Meanwhile, the existence and development of ceremonies are not the only result of some single power, and they reveal the competition among various powers, and are determined by the main bodies of the village, namely villagers. Therefore, the transformation of ceremonies doesn＇t necessarily mean the conquering of one power over another, while it is the result of competitions among various powers instead.