作为“中介”的“复合平等”——沃尔泽对罗尔斯分配正义理论的批判及其限度

"Complex Equality" as "Intermediary"——Walzer's Criticism and Limitations of Rawls' Theory of Distributive Justice

沃尔泽认为,罗尔斯通过"原初状态设置"所演绎出的"正义二原则"只是一种实现通常之"简单平等"的分配正义原则,无法解决由诸多领域所构成之社会的分配正义问题。因而基于对西方世界分配现状的观察及其人性观,沃尔泽提出了"复合平等"的分配正义理论。事实上,只有罗尔斯的"正义二原则"才能有效实现社会的分配正义。因此,沃尔泽的分配正义理论实际上只是深刻理解罗尔斯"正义二原则"的"过渡理论"或"中介",而不是对后者的根本性超越。

Walzer argues that Rawls＇s two principles of justice derived from the ＂original position＂ are only the ones that realize the ＂simple equality＂,but cannot solve the distributive justice of a society constituted of many different areas.Thus,based on the observation of the status of the allocation under the western world and from the view of human nature,Walzer suggests a theory of distributive justice he calls ＂complex equality＂.Walzer seems to have seen the ＂defects＂ of Rawls＇,however,it is the two principles of justice rebuked to achieve ＂simple equality＂ by Walzer that can effectively deal with the problem of the social distributive justice. Walzer＇s theory of distributive justice is in fact only a ＂transition theory＂ or ＂intermediary＂,which is a deep understanding of Rawls＇ justice principles but not beyond the latter fundamentally.