哲学与史学:张荫麟《通史原理》的史学底蕴探析

Philosophy and History: the Discussion of Historiography about Zhang Yinlin's The Principle of General History

张荫麟的《中国史纲》享誉学界数十年,然其背后的通史方法论尚少全面而深切的探讨。《通史原理》是张氏晚年集编、著、译于一的重要著述,其中提出的通史选材的六种标准、综合史材的五种"秩序"以及与唯物史观的微妙联系等重要主张,体现出以哲学思维部勒通史写法的特点。惟张氏始终谨守史家的经验主义立场,于哲学取其逻辑分析的方法而忽略恢弘抽象的历史哲学,反映其倾向于追求一种客观、科学、严密的通史之学。

Zhang Yinlin＇ s An Outline of Chinese History had been well-known in academia for decades of years. However, very few scholars discussed the methodology of general history of the book comprehensively and deeply. The Principle of General History was an important book that was written, edited and translated by Zhang. It put forward some significant views, such as six kinds of stand- ards on choosing general historical materials, five manners of methods about synthesizing historical materials, and subtle connection to Historical Materialism, which reflecting the characteristic that applying philosophical thinking to general historical writing. As Zhang stood fox the position of a historian＇ s empiricism, he used the method of logical analysis of philosophy while ignoring the grand and ab- stract Philosophy of History. Therefore it reflected that Zhang tent to pursue the discipline of the general history which was objective, scientific and rigorous.