论马克思哲学探索中的两种理论向度——作为“理论的理论”和作为“实践的理论”

On Two Theoretical Dimensions in the Researching of Marx's Philosophy——As Theoretical Theory and Practical Theory

马克思既坚决反对旧唯物主义抛开主体,直观地认识事物的思维方式,又坚决反对唯心主义抛开客体,单纯从主体方面认识事物的思维方式。与旧唯物主义和唯心主义不同,马克思在思维方式上实现了从"两极"到"中介"的革命,并且把这种在思维方式上实现的革命,贯彻到了"现实的个人"中。从"现实的个人"之价值规定性和社会历史规定性出发,马克思在其哲学探索中,构筑了其作为价值批判原则的"理论的理论"和作为实践原则的"实践的理论"。值得注意的是,这两种理论向度之间的关系,既非平行,又非前后"断裂",而是相互渗透和融合于其整个理论体系之中。马克思哲学探索中的这两种理论向度,对当下我们建设中国特色社会主义具有重要的现实意义。

What Marx strongly opposed were the old materialism that understanding things intuitively without the subject and the i- dealism that knowing things by using a way of speculative thinking without object. Abandoning these two way of understanding things, Marx realized the revolution of ＂the two poles＂ to ＂the medium＂ on the way of thinking, and meanwhile, implementing it to the logical starting point of his philosophy researching, that is ＂the real individual＂. Marx built his theoretical theory that is regarded as the valua- ble principles and the practical one that is regarded as the practical principle by starting with the determination of value and the deter- mination of social history. It is worthwhile to note that the relationship between the two theoretical dimensions is not parallel and ＂breaking＂, but permeating and fusing reciprocally in the whole theoretical system. It has an important practical significance for the building socialism with Chinese characteristics.