玉米不同基础群体选系籽粒品质性状的组配利用价值评价

Evaluation on Testcross Utilization of Derived Lines from Different Basic Populations for Grain Quality Traits in Maize

采用常规方法从新组配的14个Reid类F1基础群体中选育自交系,对以S4代选系与其三大优势类群10个骨干自交系为测验系组配而成的1 902个测交组合进行田间鉴定,从中筛选出428个优良组合,分析其籽粒淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪和赖氨酸含量及其与基础群体来源和测验系的关系。结果表明:测交组合间上述各品质性状均存在较大差异,含量依次为61.90%～77.22%、7.24%～16.92%、3.23%～6.36%、0.31%～0.50%;选系基础群体、后代选择和测验系的选用均对新选系的评价、筛选优良测交组合起着十分重要的作用;来源于基础群体BP13组合及其与8C204测交组合的淀粉含量最高,为74.07%,BP6群体选系与浚926及BP11群体选系与昌7-2测交组合的蛋白质含量较高,为13.68%和13.01%,BP6群体选系测交组合的平均脂肪含量及BP3选系与L2m测交组合的脂肪含量较高,为5.36%和5.56%,BP6群体选系测交组合的平均赖氨酸含量最高,为0.46%。

In this study,S4 lines were generally selected from 14 F1 basic populations （BP） belong- ing to the Reid heterotic group, and were crossed with 10 elite inbreds from 3 high heterotic groups. A total of 428 crosses were selected from the 1 902 testcrosses,and their grain starch,protein,oil and lysine content were analyzed and compared with the basic populations and test lines. The result showed that the great differences of crosses were detected in the four traits, the con- tent ranging in 61.90 % - 77. 22 %, 7. 24 % - 16. 92 %, 3. 23 % - 6. 36 % and 0.31 %/%0 - 0.50 %, respee tively. The basic population, progeny selection and testline all played an important role in the evaluation of derived lines and the screening of testcrosses. The average starch content in crosses of derived lines from population BP13 and their testcrosses with inbred 8C204 was the highest. The high protein content was observed in testcrosses between the derived lines from BP6 and Xun 926, and between the derived lines from BPll and Chang 7-2. For grain oil content, the highest average value was from the testcrosses of derived lines from BP6 and derived lines from BP3 with L2m. The highest average lysine content came from the testcrosses of derived lines from BP6 and their testcrosses with inbred Xun 926. This result was useful in further making the broad test- cross and improving grain quality traits of derived lines.