中国戏曲研究学科的建立与现代学人群体的形成

The Establishment of the Chinese Opera Discipline and the Formation of Modern Scholar Groups

在20世纪中国戏曲研究学科的创建过程中,现代学人群体的形成无疑是一个至为关键的因素。现代学人群体的形成得益于人才培养机制的转变,科举制度的废除使广大知识阶层转变人生观念,从学而优则仕的束缚中解脱出来,为戏曲研究学科在内的中国现代学术的建立扫除了障碍,从制度上解决了研究人才的培养问题。新的高等教育制度与学术制度是戏曲研究得以延续和发展的重要机制。有两代学人共同参与了中国戏曲研究学科的创建,第一代学人是中国现代学术的创建者与亲历者,同时也是戏曲研究的开拓者和奠基人;第二代学人是戏曲研究学科的巩固者和完善者,对20世纪后半期乃至当下的戏曲研究有着重要影响。经两代学人的共同努力,中国戏曲研究学科才得以真正建立起来。

In the process of the establishment of Chinese opera discipline in the 20th century, the formation of the modem scholar groups was a very important factor. The formation of the modem scholar groups had benefited from the changes of person- nel training mechanism. The abolition of the imperial examination system had changed the intellectuals＇ outlook on life, and made them free from the bondage of old education value that ＂he who excels in study can follow an official career＂. Therefore, the obstacles of establishing the Chinese modem academic fields, including the opera discipline, had been removed and the mecha- nism of personnel training had also been solved. The new system of higher education and academic system were important mecha- nism to the development of opera studies. Two generations of scholars had participated in establishing the discipline of the Chinese opera. The first generation of scholars was the creator of the modem academic, and they were also the pioneers and founders of Chinese opera; the second generation of scholars had consolidated and improved the Chinese opera studies, and they had an im- portant impact on the opera studies in the latter half of the 20th century. Through the joint efforts of the two generations of schol- ars, the discipline of the Chinese opera had been established.