制度变迁下山林纠纷的成因及调处——基于惠阳(州)地区的历史考察

Cause and Solution of Forest Ownership Disputes under the Institutional Change: Based on the Historical Survey in Huiyang Region

自土改以来,我国曾多次进行集体林权制度的变革,但始终未能从根本上解决林权权属不清问题,由此衍生出集体林产权模糊、不稳、残缺、分散等诸多问题,导致山林纠纷频发。本文以惠阳(州)地区为例,从历史角度考察土改以来的山林纠纷,认为林业体制和政策多变,是农村山林纠纷大量爆发并且难以调处的制度性根源;山林权属不明、界限不清是林权纠纷产生的主要原因;林地升值和经济利益的驱动是山林纠纷的现实原因。提出在调处山林纠纷的过程中,要兼顾考虑历史因素与现实因素。并对2008年以来的林权改革遗留的山林纠纷,提出调处的政策建议。

The policy of forest ownership has changed several times from 1950, but it is useless for making property right clear. As the result of that, the property right of forest ownership is unclear, instable, incomplete, and disperse, causing the frequent disputes. This paper is based on Huiyang regional history, stating dispute on forest ownership from 1949. It draws a conclusion that institutional changes, unclear property rights, and appreciation of forest lands are the causes of disputes. In the process of dealing with disputes, government should consider not only actual situation but also history. At last, some policy-making suggestions are given for mediating forest ownership disputes which mainly hand down from reformation since 2008.