清末广东农会与县域治理——以香山为例

Guangdong Peasants Associations Disputes and Local Society in Late Qing Dynasty: Focusing on the Xiangshan County Peasants Associations

20世纪初,在清政府推行"新政"背景下成立的香山县各级农会,并非国家自上而下的派驻机构,故虽为新生社会组织,却不可避免地卷入了香山县旧有的社会体系中。清末香山发生的农会纠纷诉讼案,表面争论的是农务分会与分所是否应该设立、设立的地点与会董人选的问题,而实质上是香山士绅与顺德籍沙田业主双方争夺地方控制权,尤其是沙田区的护沙权。此案表明,农会的兴办、农会组织,农会活动极为复杂,它的实际内涵远远不是农会章程所能概括的。分析清末农会,必须将农会置于地方历史脉络中,阐明农会与既有的社会治理、社会结构之关系。

In the early 20th century, the peasants associations at various levels in Xiangshan County were established under the background of the ＂New Deal＂, carried out by Qing Government. Peasants association wasn＇t a national top-down accrediting organization, it was a new social organization, but inevitably became involved in the old social system of Xiangshan County. Peasants associations＇ dispute lawsuits of Xiangshan happened in late Qing Dynasty. The surface of the debates were the farm club and branch office setting up or not, the established locations, and association boards＇ candidates problems, but essentially it was Xiangshan gentry and Shunde local people to compete for local control, Especially the right of land protection in tidal lands areas. The case shows that the establishment of the peasants association, its organization and activities were extremely complex, and its actual meaning was far from the prospectus, which could not be summarized. Analyzing the peasants association in Oing Dynasty, it must be placed in the context of local history then to expound the relationship between peasants association and the existing social governance, social structure.