指称性“X的”结构的形式和功能——从语用省略到构式网络

Forms and Functions of Chinese Referential X de Constructions:From Pragmatic Ellipsis to Constructional Network

汉语的"X的"结构单独用于指代源于受经济原则驱使的中心语省略。本文从基于使用的语言观出发,对指称性"X的"结构的实际使用情况进行了语料库考察,发现:1)在中心语显性出现的语境中,"X的"的指称对象构成中心语所指定类别的一个子类,与或明示或隐含的其他子类形成对比;2)在中心语不出现的语境中,"X的"指称具备由X规定的属性的事物类别,其中心语一般为"人""东西""情形"等范畴化层次和抽象程度较高的名词,此时,"X的"或整合相关的语境信息,成为某一概念的约定表达,或与特定的结构产生互动,成为独特的构式,并发生进一步的演变。这导致"X的"结构内部出现分化,体现出功能的多样性,不同功能的"X的"结构形成联通的网络。

The referential function of Chinese X de constructions originates from NP ellipsis which is motivated by the economic principle.From the usage-based perspective,this paper,exploiting corpus data,explored the actual usage patterns of referential X de.The results show that: 1) in contexts where the nominal head appears,X de forms a subset of the head,contrasting with other subsets;2) in contexts where the nominal head doesn't appear,X de forms a category with features specified by X and its nominal head usually occupies a high position in categorizational hierarchy,such as ren,dongxi and qingxing;3) what's more,X de may also integrate part of the contextual meaning and become conventionalized,as well as interacting with other constructions and becoming unique constructions which are capable of further evolution.