青藏高原不冻泉地区地下水分布特征

Distribution characteristics of groundwater in non-freezing spring area on Tibetan Plateau

根据区域水文地质调查成果,总结不冻泉地区地下水的赋存条件和分布特征。结果表明:基岩类冻结层水分布于北部和西南部山区,总体上水量贫乏,水质较差,仅在海拔5000 m以上的极高山区,水质较好,水量较为丰富;松散岩类冻结层水分布于平原和沟谷内,水量贫乏,水质较差,清水湖周边为双层含水层结构,存在松散岩类冻结层下水,水量较为丰富;在清水湖底部和楚玛尔河局部地段存在贯穿型河湖融区,在部分断层带上局部发育点状贯穿型构造融区。

Based on hydrogeological survey results, the existing conditions and distribution characteristics of groundwater in a non-freezing spring area are summarized. The analysis results show that the permafrost water in bedrock is mainly distributed in northern and southwestern mountainous areas, with scarce water resources and low- quality water in general, but with abundant water resources and high-quality water in the regions at an elevation of 5000 m above sea level; and the permafrost water in loosening rocks is mainly distributed in plain areas and alluvial valleys, with scarce water resources and low-quality water. The area surrounding Qingshui Lake has a double- aquifer structure, where permafrost water in loosening rocks exists, with abundant water resources. There are river and lake thawing regions penetrating the bottom of Qingshui Lake and some areas of the Chumaer River. Some thawing regions in a point-pattern distribution develop through parts of the fault zones.