球路预期自动加工的初步研究:来自ERPs的证据

A preliminary study of the automatic processing of ball trajectory anticipation: evidence from ERPs

以有预期能力的专业羽毛球运动员为对象,采用启动范式,以目标项诱发的事件相关电位中的P300为指标探讨了球路预期的自动化假设。实验先向被试者呈现一段羽毛球运动录像(启动项),被试者可从录像中提取有效的线索预测球的落点;随后屏幕中随机出现白色正方形(目标项)或是白色三角形,要求被试者在看到目标项时尽快作出按键反应。结果发现,当目标项出现的位置与启动项中可预期的羽毛球落点位置不一致时,被试者产生的P300显著大于一致时,表明启动项对目标项的识别存在启动效应,结果提示球路预期过程可能属于自动加工过程。

Basing their research subject on professional badminton players with an anticipation ability,the authors probed into the hypothesis of automation of ball trajectory anticipation by using a starting pattern and by basing the index on P300 in the event related potential triggered by the target item.During the experiment,first the testees watched a badminton video clip（initiation item）,from which they can pick a valid clew to predict the ball landing spot;then a white square or triangle（target item） appeared on the screen randomly,the testees were asked to press the button as soon as they see the target item.The results revealed that when the target item appearing position and the badminton ball landing position predictable in the initiation item were inconsistent,the P300 produced by the testees was significantly higher than that produced when the two positions were consistent,which means that there is an initiation effect in the identification of the initiation item and the target item.The results suggested that the process of ball trajectory anticipation might be a process of automatic processing.