中国古代国家藏书机构及官制考

Research on State Library in Ancient China and Official System

中国历朝历代都十分重视国家藏书机构的设置和管理,形成了一套完整的官制体系。夏朝设置了执掌典籍的官员——太史;商朝设置"作册"以史官的身份来管理早期国家图书馆;周朝设立了"太史、内史"来记录时事、受王命作册书;秦时设置"御史"掌管秦宫廷藏书;汉沿秦制,仍用御史大夫等掌管典籍;隋文帝时设秘书省管理国家图书典籍,下设监、秘书丞、秘书郎、校书郎等职;唐袭隋制,沿用秘书省;宋朝设秘书省统一领导国家藏书机构,设秘书监、秘书少监等职;辽金朝的国家图书馆设秘书监、秘书少监、秘书丞等职;元朝秘书监是中央政府最主要的藏书机构,设卿、太监、少监等职;明朝翰林院设学士、侍读学士、侍讲学士等;清朝设置了文渊阁职,设领阁事提举阁事、直阁事、内务府司官等职。

In ancient China, almost all dynasties attached great importance to the establishment and administration of state library and had formed a complete official system. Xia Dynasty set up Taishi who was in charge of ancient books and records. Shang Dynasty established Zuoce who worked as a government official to manage national y. Zhou Dynasty built up Taishi and Neishi to record current events and compile books under the command king. In Qin Dynasty,Yushi was appointed to administer books at court. Han Dynasty followed the practice of Sui Dynasty, emperor Wen of Sui set up the secretariat to manage national books and records with divisions shucheng, Mishulang nasty established the and Jiaoshulang. Tang Dynasty followed the practice of Sui and set secretariat who completely administered national collection agency up the secretariat. Song Dy- with divisions of Mishujian and Mishushaojian. During the period of Liao and Jin, officials such as Mishujian and Mishushaojian, Mishucheng were appointed. In Yuan Dynas cials such as Qing,Tiaiian and ty, the central government was the principal books collection agency, in which offi- Shaoiian were appointed. In Ming Dynasty, Xueshi, Shiduxueshi and Shijiangxueshiwere appointed respectively. Qing Dynasty appointed officials as Wenyuange, Tijugeshi,Zhigeshi and Neiwufusi to be in charge of national library.