栽培菘蓝居群的遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Cultivated Populations of Isatis indigotica

试验以不同地理区域中药种植上所用的菘蓝栽培居群为材料,通过对与菘蓝药用有关的植物学性状指标(株高、叶面积、叶干重、根干重)的遗传多样性指数统计、主要药用有效成分(靛蓝、靛玉红)的含量测定、酯酶等位酶酶谱的建立与聚类分析,计算了用于衡量菘蓝居群内变异水平的多态位点比率、有效等位基因数、观察杂合度3个指标,探讨了常见的栽培菘蓝各居群之间的遗传多样性关系,以揭示菘蓝在形态、主效成分及同工酶3个层次上的遗传多样性变化。结果表明,河北安国(S1)、安徽亳州(S2)和河南新乡(S3)3个居群的植物学性状指标的平均遗传多样性指数分别为0.870、0.877、0.763,各植物学性状的遗传多样性指数在各居群内从高到低的排序多数为株高、叶面积、叶干重、根干重;3个居群在表型上居群间的差异不显著(P>0.05),而居群内多样性丰富。S1的靛蓝和靛玉红的含量分别为5.67、10.93mg/g,S2的分别为4.74、9.68 mg/g,S3的分别为5.32、9.27 mg/g,2种成分的含量分别具极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。90个样品的平均有效等位基因数、多态位点比率、观察杂合度分别是1.346 9、61.53%、0.346 9;在相似系数0.70处可聚为3类,第Ⅰ聚群包含有66个样品,第Ⅱ聚群包含有10个样品,第Ⅲ聚群包含有14个样品,分别占样品总数的73%、11%和16%,显示出了3个菘蓝居群具有丰富的遗传多样性和种质资源的流动性。

Taking cultivated populations of Isatis indigotica Fort.in different geographic regions for Chinese medicine planting as materials,by statistics of the genetic diversity indexes of the botanical traits of I.indigotica related to its medical use（plant height,leaf area,leaf dry weight,root dry weight）,detecting the content of main medicinal active ingredients（indigo,indirubin）,establishment of the zymogram of enzymes such as esterase and clustering analysis,3 indicator for measuring the variation level within I.indigotica population,proportion of polymorphic loci,the number of effective alleles and observed heterozygosity,were calculated.The genetic diversity between common cultivation populations of I.indigotica was discussed to uncover the genetic diversity at the levels of morphological,main effective ingredient and isozyme.Results showed that the average genetic diversity index of the botanical traits of the 3 populations,Anguo,Hebei（S1）,Bozhou,Anhui（S2） and Xinxiang,Henan（S3） was 0.870,0.877,0.763,respectively.The genetic diversity of botanic characters within populations ranked from high to low as plant height,leaf area,leaf dry weight,root dry weight.The phenotypic difference among the 3 populations was not significant while the diversity within population was rich.The content of indigo and indirubin of S1 was 5.67 mg / g and 10.93 mg / g,of S2 was 4.74 mg / g and 9.68 mg / g,and of S3 was 5.32 mg / g and 9.27 mg / g respectively,the content of the 2 ingredients in the 3 populations was very significantly different（P 0.01） respectively.The average number of effective alleles,proportion of polymorphic locus,observed heterozygosity of the 90 samples was 1.346 9,61.53%,0.346 9,respectively.The samples clustered to 3 categories at the similarity coefficient of 0.70,cluster Ⅰ contained 66 samples,cluster Ⅱ contained 10 samples,and cluster Ⅲ contained 14 samples,accounted for 73%,11% and 16% of the total samples,respectively,and were with rich polymorphism and liquidity of germplasm resource.