基本养老保险制度的公平性评价及影响因素

Fairness Assessment and Impact Factors Analysis of the Basic Old-age Insurance System

公平性可分为制度建设的客观公平性及参保者主观的公平性评价。本文利用2011年对全国4个省份1600余份问卷的调查数据,重点探讨我国养老保险制度建设过程中客观公平性的缺失及其对公众主观评价的影响,通过建立logistic回归模型深入分析影响公众公平性评价的主要因素。研究发现,我国基本养老保险制度的公平性评价总体不高,认为制度公平的比例仅为49.4%。公众社会特质层面的职业类型、所在区位及制度层面的保障水平显著影响公众对养老保险制度的公平感,而公众个人特质层面的四个因素则无显著性影响。

Fairness includes the objective fairness of the system and subjective evaluation fairness from participants. In this paper, based on more than 1,600 questionnaires were distributed in four provinces in 2011, we focused on the lack of objective fairness of China＇s old-age insurance system in the process of system establishment and its influence on the subjective evaluation of the public, then we analyzed the public attitude towards the system and influencing factors by logistic regression model. The study found out that overall fairness assessment of China＇s basic old-age insurance system was not high, with just 49. 4 % people rating the system as fair. Three factors that affected the overall evaluation passed the statistical significant test, and they were career type, area location of people＇ s social characteristics and the protection level of the system. Four factors of personal characteristics didn＇ t pass the statistical significant test.