市场结构、市场绩效与企业的创新行为——基于中国工业企业层面的面板数据分析

Market Structure,Market Performance and Innovation Behavior——Based on the Panel Date of China’s Industrial Firms

本文基于新产业组织学中SCP分析范式,采用2004～2007年中国规模以上工业统计数据库,利用Tobit模型对影响企业研发强度的因素进行了实证分析。结果发现,企业规模和市场集中度与研发强度之间存在显著的倒U型关系,这意味着在一定范围内,规模的增长和竞争的加剧是有利于创新的。从企业产权特征来看,与其他所有制相比,股份制和有限责任制企业的创新投入激励要更大些,而国有企业和私人企业则无明显差异。此外,企业的市场份额越大,其研发积极性也更高,这表明研发具有一定的规模经济。除了市场结构对创新投入影响外,市场绩效也影响着企业的研发强度,其中,企业的利润积累能促进研发支出,且研发支出也随新产品产值比重的提高而增加。最后,基于上述研究结论,本文就如何鼓励企业创新提出了一些政策建议。

Following the SCP framework and using firm-level data of China＇s large and medium-size industrial firms from 2004 to 2007, this paper aims to empirically explore how market structure and performance affect R＆D density. Since R＆D investment is truncated, we use Tobit model for econometric estimation. We find that R ＆ O density has a significantly invert- ed U-shaped relationship with firm size and market concentration. This implies that within a certain range, increasing firm scale or competition will encourage R ＆ D activities. Ownership is also an important factor. While the dummies for joint-stock and limited-liability companies have a significant positive contribution to R＆D investment, the effects for state-owned and pri- vate enterprises are not significant. Our analysis indicates R＆D scale economy since the firms with larger market share have stronger R＆D incentives. Besides market structure, market performance also affects R ＆ D density, for example, either the accumulation of profits or the increase of output value ratio of new products will promote R ＆ D expenditure.