新疆的降水及河川径流特性分析

Analysis of Precipitation and River Runoff Characteristics in Xinjiang

分析了新疆河径流的分配和年际变化特征,在此基础上,探讨了冰川波动与径流对气候变化的响应及冰川波动对径流的影响。分析得出的主要结论有:不同流域的冰川在不同时期的变化不一致;新疆气温、降水的季节及年际变化特征显著,径流年内分配较均匀,径流补给来源以降雨为主,高山冰雪(季节性积雪)融水为辅;年径流量未发生突变,有较明显的周期成分。冰川变化在不同时期,对气温具有较好的响应,且冰川对气温的敏感性高于降水。降水变化对径流变化的影响明显强于气温;径流的大小主要受降水影响,但在个别异常年份,冰川变化对径流具有极其显著的作用。

The distribution and interannual change characteristics of the Xinjiang River runoff were analyzed to discuss the reflection on climate change due to glacier fluctuations and runoff and the impact on runoff due to glacier fluctuations. The main conclusions obtained by analysis are： the glaciers in different watersheds change inconsistently in different periods; the seasons and interannual change characteristics of temperature and precipitation are significant in Xinjiang, the annual distribution of nmoff is uniform, rain- faU is the main source to supply the runoff and the supplementary supply is melt water from alpine snow （ seasonal snow） ; annual runoff is not mutated and the cycle is obvious. The glacier has good response to temperature in different periods, and its sensitivity on temperature is higher than water. Influence on runoff due to the change of precipitation is obviously stronger than temperature; runoff mainly is impacted by precipitation, but glacier change takes vital roles on runoff in some abnormal years.