外源钙水平与花生下针期不同土壤水分对植株生理特性的影响

Effects of exogenous calcium and soil moisture at acicula forming stage of peanut on some physiological characteristics of plants

沿海耕作风砂土土壤缺钙与干旱常相伴发生。通过盆栽试验,研究了不同钙肥水平下花生下针期至结荚初期土壤水分管理对植株生理特性及产量的影响。结果表明,下针期(55±3)%(LW)、(75±3)%(MW)和(95±3)%(HW)三种田间持水量条件下,叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、水分利用效率及产量均随着钙肥用量的增加而提高,其中施钙肥的花生荚果产量增幅12.2%～19.4%,而三种钙肥水平下,MW比LW与HW的荚果产量分别显著提高18.7%与56.5%,说明下针期过高或过低的水分均不利于光合作用及产量形成,尤其高水量条件下,其根系活力显著下降。花生成熟期产量与下针期叶片SPAD值、净光合速率、水分利用效率及根系活力呈显著正相关;不同水分管理与钙肥水平均显著影响花生产量,但水钙间产量交互效应不明显。耕作风砂土上增施钙肥增产潜力大,且一定程度上可缓解旱情,花生下针期调控约75%的田间持水量,其光合速率与产量最高。

Lack of calcium and drought frequently happen together in coastal tillage windsand soils. Pot experiments was conducted to study the effect of soil moisture on physiological characteristics of leaves and roots of peanut at the acicula forming stage and yield of peanut under different calcium levels. The results showed that the SPAD values, net photosynthetic rates, water use efficiencies and yields are improved with the increase of calcium fertilizer levels under the conditions of （55±3）% （LW）, （75±3）% （MW） and （95±3）% （HW） of field capacity, thereinto,pod yields of peanut increased by 12.2% -19.4%; Compared with the LW and HW treatments, the pod yield at MW increased by 18.7% and 56.5% respectively. These results indicate that too high or too low soil moisture at the acicula forming stage are detrimental to the photosynthesis and formation of yield, especially under the high water content condition. The yield at the maturity is significantly and positively correlated to SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency of leaves and root vigor at the acicula forming stage. Both water management pattern and calcium fertilization level significantly affect the yield of peanut, but there are no significant coupling effects of the two factors. Increasing application of calcium fertilizer not only help to improve yield, but also to relieve drought in some way in tillage wind sand soils. The photosynthetic rate and yield of peanut are highest to keep about 75% of field capacity at the acicula forming stage.