如何解释法律——关于我国法律解释权行使的思考

How to Interpret the Law——A Thinking on the Exercise of Our Country's Legal Interpretation Power

我国当前法律解释权的行使凸显的问题是:法律解释权的行使主体泛滥,导致法律解释混乱;法律解释权行使的非实用性,导致法律解释在内容上逐级延续;法律解释权行使的非规范性,导致法律解释在形式上凌乱不堪等。产生这些问题的根本原因在于我国法律解释权的配置与行使制度存在不足,主要是:法律解释权附属于其他权力,由国家机关任意行使;各国家机关共同行使法律解释权,使法律解释的混乱日益凸显;法律解释权多以隐含方式行使,法律解释权与规范性法律文件创制权混为一体。改进我国法律解释权行使的基本思路在于:制定《法律解释法》明确法律解释权的地位,厘清与规范性法律文件创制权的界限;限制法律解释权的主体数量,规范法律解释权的行使方式;协调不同主体的法律解释权,构建完整统一的法律解释体制。

There are some problems on the exercise of our country＇ s legal interpretation power：there are too many subjects for legal interpretation so that it is made confused;the exercise of legal interpretation power is futile, which leads to the gradual stretch in content;the non-standard exercise of legal interpretation power leads to disorder in form. The causes of these problems lie in the deficiency in the distribution and exercise system of legal interpretation. The major causes are ： the power of legal interpretation attaches to other powers and is exercised at will;many government departments exercise power of legal interpretation jointly, which leads to the obvious disorder of legal interpretation ; the exercise of legal interpretation is cryptic, so the power of legal interpretation and the power of institute rules are confused. The basic idea of reforming the exercise of the legal interpretation depends on the following contents：making a legal interpretation act in which the status of legal interpretation power is explicit, distinguishing the power of legal interpretation with the power of institute rules ; limiting the number of the subjects, stipulating the exercise style ; coordinating legal interpretation power of different subjects,and constructing a unified legal interpretation system.