山西籍大学生颞下颌关节紊乱病流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological investigation of temporomandibular disorders in university students of Shanxi nationality

目的调查山西籍大学生颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）的患病情况，探讨相关发病因素。方法于2012年3—7月采用随机整群抽样方法抽取太原市4所高校521名21．23岁山西籍大学生（男206名、女315名）进行问卷调查和口腔检查。TMD体征阳性者为病例组，阴性为对照组，应用非条件Logistic回归模型和x。检验对调查结果进行分析。结果TMD体征阳性者258名（占49．52％），其中表现为关节弹响和杂音181名（占70．16％），下颌运动异常95名（占36．82％），肌肉疼痛37名（占14．34％），关节弹响和杂音的发生率较高；男性TMD体征阳性94名（占45．63％），女性TMD体征阳性164名（占52．06％），男女患病率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。咬合紊乱和下颌第三磨牙阻生是这一年龄段人群TMD发生的主要危险因素。下颌第三磨牙阻生199名（占38．20％），其中TMD阳性118名（占59．30％）；无下颌第三磨牙阻生322名（占61．80％），其中TMD阳性140名（占43．48％）；下颌第三磨牙阻生组TMD阳性率高于无下颌第三磨牙阻生组（P〈0．05）。结论山西籍大学生TMD患病率较高，症状以关节弹响和杂音为主，男女患病率差异无统计学意义；下颌第三磨牙阻生是TMD发生的重要危险因素之一。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of university students of Shanxi nationality temporomandibular dis-orders （TMD）, and discuss the related factors to TMD. Methods A total of 521 university students of Shanxi nationality whose age were from 21 to 23 years old, were randomly selected in 4 universities in Taiyuan. The subjects were investigat-ed both by questionnaire and clinical examination. The factors were analyzed by condition Logistic regression and Chi-square test. Results The incidence of TMD in this research was 49.52% and 45.63% in male and 52.06% in fe-male, and the differences were not significant （P 〉 0.05）. Of the clinical manifestations, 70.16% were with sound of joint movement, 36.82% with abnormal mandibular movements, 14.34% with pain. The sound of joint movement was the most common complaint in TMD. The condition Logistic regression showed that the occlusal disorders and the impacted man-dibular third molar were the major influencing factors in youths~ TMD. Among all the students, 38.20% were with impact- ed mandibular third molar in which 59.30% were with positive TMD signs;in 61.80% without impacted mandibular third molar, 43.48% had positive TMD signs. The prevalence of TMD of impacted mandibular third molar group was higher than the other groups, and the differences were significant（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of TMD in university students of Shanxi nationality is relatively high. The sound of joint movement is the most common complaint in TMD and the difference between male and female is not significant. The impacted mandibular third molar is one of the major influ-encing factors in youths＇ TMD.