十堰地区农村汉族和土家族孕妇膳食状况调查

A Contrastive Study on Dietary of Rural Pregnant Women of Ethnic Han and Tujia in Shiyan

目的调查和比较十堰地区农村汉族和土家族孕妇的膳食状况。方法抽取214名农村孕妇,用自设计食物频率问卷调查其膳食状况并作比较。结果 214名农村孕妇摄入食物种类较全面,但水产类、奶类和水果类的摄入低于推荐摄入量;优质蛋白摄入量占总蛋白质摄入的45%左右,动物性来源的铁比例较低;维生素A、叶酸、钙、铁和锌摄入严重不足,汉族孕妇脂肪、尼克酸和锌的摄入量高于土家族孕妇,而钙摄入量低于土家族孕妇。(P﹤0.05)。结论本地区农村孕妇部分营养素摄入不足,应当积极开展营养教育,增加奶类、豆类、水产品等动物性食品的摄入。

Objective To investigate and contrast the dietary status of rural pregnant women of ethnic Han and that of Tujia in Shiyan city. Methods A total of 214 rural pregnant women were randomly sampled and sur-veyed with self-designed food frequency questionnaire （FFQ）. Results The food intake was relatively com-prehensive, yet the intakes of aquatic product, cow milk and fruits were significant lower than Recommended Nutrient Intakes （RNIs）. The intake of fine protein accounted for 45 % of total protein intake, and the propor-tion of iron obtained from animal foods was insufficient; even worse, the intakes of retinol, folic acid, calcium, iron and zinc were serious insufficient. The intakes of lipids, niacin and zinc in ethnic Han was significantly higher than that of ethnic Tujia; but with a reverse exception of calcium （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The ingest-ion of nutrients among pregnant women in this region is insufficient and the intakes of cow milk, soybean and animal foods （ such as aquatic products） should be increased, calling for effective nutritional education towards them.