“郑和模式”:现代海权构建的思考与启示

"Zheng He Mode": Reflection on and Enlightenment for Construction of Modern Sea Power

19世纪以来,备受西方政治家、军事家所推崇的马汉海权战略思想,是建立在以海外贸易和海上力量相互结合为特征的"地中海模式"基础之上的。这种"剑与火"的海权战略一直影响着欧、美洲近现代历史发展进程。中国明代郑和七下西洋的海权意识或海洋意识,是一种与西方海权思想迥然不同的"郑和模式"。这种模式的"文明海权"是建立在不以侵占他国领土和权益的友好交往,以传播中华文明和追求国际和平秩序为价值目标基础之上的。故郑和七下西洋不仅是中国海权战略思维嬗变的历史回应,也是中国现代海权之嚆矢,而且应成为世界现代海权构建中的一种新思维。

Ever since the 19th century, Mahan＇s strategic thought, much admired by the western politicians and military strategists, is based on the ＂Mediterranean Mode＂, characteristic of a combination of overseas trade and naval forces as the character of ＂the Atlantic model＂. This ＂sword and fire＂ sea power strategy has been affecting the European and American modem and contemporary historical development process. The sea power consciousness and ocean awareness of Zheng He＇ s seven voyages to the Western Ocean （ Indian Ocean） in Chinese Ming Dynasty, the so-called ＂Zheng He model＂ was quite different from the western sea power thought. This ＂Civilized sea power＂ mode was built on the aim of following the international peace and order, and of friendly exchanging and disseminating Chinese civilisation, without encroaching on the territory and inter- ests of other nations. As a precursor of Chinese modem sea power, not only is Zheng He＇ s seven voyages to the Western Ocean a historical echo to the strategic evolution of Chinese modem sea power, but provides a new thought for the modem sea power construction in the world.