孙中山农村土地问题的理念:从“平均地权”到“耕者有其田”

On Sun Yat-sen's Ideas on Rural Land Policy: From "Equalization of Land Rights" to "Land to the Tiller"

孙中山农村土地问题理念,既来源于其感性经历和现实观察,又得益于学理分析和中外相关学说。"平均地权"与"耕者有其田"存在内在逻辑联系,"平均地权"应包括农村土地在内。"耕者有其田"实质是在土地国有制下,让农民拥有使用权。实现"耕者有其田"的手段,是用和平方法创设。孙中山解决土地问题的主张具有超前性、模糊性、改良性、软弱性、空想性等特征,这些特点对国共两党解决农村土地问题的不同路径选择产生了深刻影响。

Sun Yat-sen＇s ideas on rural land policy originated from his perceptual experience,actual ob- servation,his academic analysis and learning from relevant theories at home and abroad. The concepts of ＂ Equalization of Land Rights＂ and ＂Land to the Tiller＂ are interrelated, with the former contained in the latter. In essence, the idea of ＂Land to the Tiller＂ means granting the peasants the rights of using land un- der the state ownership of land, which is to be realized through peaceful settlement. In general, the ideas of Sun Yat-sen on rural land policy are characterized by an impractical, ambiguous, reformative, soft, and utopian nature, which was responsible for the divergence of Communist and Nationalist parties on rural land policies.