学术之小说与文体之小说——中国传统小说观念的两种视角

Academic and Stylistic——Two Perspectives of Chinese Traditional Novel Studies

《汉志》是从"辨章学术,考镜源流"的角度著录小说家的,其判断标准是政教学术,而非文学或文体。在说话伎艺基础上发展而来的通俗小说,是以审美娱情作为追求的一种新文体,有明显的文学文体特征。学术视角与文体视角并非截然对立,其所对应的文本形式常有交叉。两种传统和视角的撞击与融会,使得中国小说观念错综复杂。小说史研究理当尊重历史,努力揭示古人小说观念的实际内涵。

Han Zhi, which describes novelists according to ＂how academic their works are and on which are their works based＂ , views novels from the academic, rather than the literary or stylistic, perspective. Com- paratively speaking, popular novels, which depend on storytelling skills and strive to be aesthetic and amusing, are considered as with more stylistic characteristics. In fact, there is no absolute split but many similarities be- tween academic and stylistic novels. The study of Chinese traditional novels, which has been made complicated by the collision and overlap between the two research perspectives, should be carried out with respect for histo- ry and efforts to reveal how novels Were actually understood by ancients.