民族地区“三农”问题与新农村建设再认识——基于农村人口能力扩展的视角

Re-understanding the Three Agricultural Problems and New Rural Construction in Ethnic Region:Based on Perspective of Rural Population Capacity Extension

能力扩展是一个既能贴近于民族地区农牧区实际,又能体现"以人为本"科学发展观的研究视角。该视角下,民族地区"三农"问题的核心是农牧民群众能力缺失,而民族地区新农村建设可以理解为以农牧民能力扩展为取向的实践行为。现阶段民族地区农村人口的能力扩展有其优先次序和侧重点。免于贫困和健康生活的能力始终应该是赋予每个公民的基本能力,也是各级政府责无旁贷的义务;知识获取和技能提升的能力则是关键性的能力,它不仅是基本能力的重要保障,也是进一步扩展能力的前提;而社会参与能力和政治参与能力是农村群众获得归属感和价值实现感的基本要求。因此,要更加重视民族地区的贫困治理,充分保障少数民族群众免于贫困和健康生活能力的获得;逐步提升农牧区群众的社会参与和政治参与能力,努力为他们融入现代社会创造各种条件,培养既能享受传统文化所带来的精神满足,也能够在观念上和行为中融入现代社会,在社会参与中享受现代文明成果,兼有传统文化和现代意识的新型农牧民。

Capacity extension is a research perspective that not only closes to the actual situation of ethnic agricultural and pastoral areas,but also reflects the people-oriented scientific development view.Under which,the key reason of the three agricultural problems is rural population lacking of capacity,so the new rural construction is considered as the practical act to extend the capacity of rural population.At present,rural population capacity extension in ethnic region has the order of priority and emphasis point.Each civil is guaranteed the basic capacity of avoiding poverty and keep healthy life,which is also the obligation of governments at all levels.The capacity of knowledge acquisition and skill improving is the key capacity that not only important basic capacity but also the premise of further extending capacity.Social participation and political participation capacity are the basic demands of rural population to get sense of belonging and sense of values realization.So it should pay more attention to the poverty solution in the ethnic region,fully protect ethnic people to get capacity of avoiding poverty and keeping health life,and then,gradually improve the social participation and political participation capacity of rural population,create all kinds of situations for their melting into modern society,cultivate new farmers and herders that enjoy both spiritual satisfaction from traditional culture and modern achievements of civilization in social participation,melt into modern society in concept and action,own both traditional culture and modern consciousness.