介词成为句式标记的成因及构句机制

Cause for Preposition as Markers of Sentence Patterns and Device for Sentences

汉语是一种有标记的语言,不同词类在句子中的标记作用是不同的,介词可以成为汉语句式语义成分的标记,主要介引受事、施事、比较对象、条件、范围等。介词成为汉语句式标记是有成因的,一方面介词成为句式标记与其本身的原始义有关,汉语介词几乎都是从动词虚化而来的,动词虚化为介词后,还或多或少保留着动词的语义遗迹。另一方面介词标记的使用与句式义表达需求有关系,为了使句式内部各要素之间实现和谐,更好地表达说话者的意图,说话者常常使用介词标记。介词标记在构句时不仅要与句式语义相匹配,而且与句式语境密切相关。介词标记随着语言演变而发展变化,研究介词标记,既要进行静态考察,也要进行动态分析;既要进行历时考察,也要进行共时研究。

Chinese is a language tag. Tag is different in different parts of the sentence. Prepositions can be a marker of Chinese sentence semantic components, mainly about patient, agent, comparison, conditions and scope. Prepositions become tag is the cause of Chinese sentence patterns. On the one hand, the preposition phrasing markers and itself related to the original meaning. Chinese prepositions almost always come from the meaning blurring of verbs, despite the deficiency of verbs into prepositions. They also retain the semantics traces of the verb more or less. On the other hand expression of prepositions have something to do with sentences tag needs. In order to achieve harmony of the elements within the sentence and to better express the speaker＇s intentions,speakers often use the preposition markers. Prepositional markers not only match the semantics of the sentence when forming sentences,and also closely connected with the syntactic context. Preposition markers change as the language evolves and changes. Study of preposition tag does both static examination and dynamic analysis and both diachronic and synchronic studies are needed.