制度语境下农民工社会工作服务的新视角——从静态直接服务到动态关系服务

Social Work Service for Rural Migrant Workers in a System Context——from Static Direct Service to Dynamic Relationship Service

在政府的推动下,中国社会工作的发展已成为政府管理体制创新的有力举措,作为中国城市化发展中的关键人群——农民工也成为社会工作者开拓服务的重要服务人群。如何在体制框架内针对农民工群体开展社会工作专业服务并取得最佳的效果,如何在社会工作专业服务的开展过程中确定自身的专业位置和发展方向,是任何开展农民工服务的社会工作者都需要回答的两个基本问题。但是,目前社会工作者所运用的传统的、静态直接服务——个案、小组和社区,却无法在制度内的服务中给出满意的答案。文章跟进某市的一家民营企业农民工社会工作的开拓过程,探索社会工作者如何在具体的实务场景中转变传统的静态直接服务方式,从动态视角出发,把社会工作视为建基于服务人群社会支持之上并且带动社会支持关系改善的专业服务。这样的动态关系服务借助的是一种崭新的、以挖掘和运用农民工服务人群的社会支持为核心的项目技术,以保证最充分运用服务群体的资源,并取得最佳效果;同时,社会工作者也由此确定自身的专业位置和发展方向。

The development of China’s social work,pushed by the government,has become a strong measure for the innovation of government management system.The rural migrant workers,the key social group involved in China’s urbanization,have come to be an important group of clients to whom social workers extend services.Any social worker serving the rural migrant workers needs to respond to two basic questions: how to conduct social work services and attain the best results when working with rural migrant workers,and how to clarify the position and orientation for the professional development of social workers in the process of conducting social work services.However,the current traditional,static and direct service of social workers— case,group and community-based—cannot offer a satisfactory answer within the service system.From a dynamic perspective,social work is a profession to modify and improve the rural migrant workers’supportive relationship.The realization of this new dynamic relationship service depends upon utilization of a new technique called social work project,aiming at digging and utilizing the resources of the rural migrant workers’ supportive network and attaining the best results.