试析自由主义对外援助理论

An Analysis of the Theory of Liberal Foreign Aid

作为一种重要的国际关系表现形式,对外援助吸引了国内外学者的关注。现有的研究主要集中于用现实主义和新马克思主义理论来分析对外援助,从国家利益和世界体系的角度来分析援助现象。而自由主义理论强调道德、平等和公正以及人道主义需求在援助中的重要性;对旨在改善第三世界贫困和促进经济发展而实施对外援助持积极乐观态度;热衷于在对外援助中传播自由主义价值观;注重对外援助的效率与结果评估;同时持该理论观点的学者也呼吁,在对外援助中应该将国家利益最小化或完全忽略,取而代之的是跨国人道主义关怀,以及建立在日益增长的全球共同体意识上的国际利益。

Foreign aid,as an important form of international relations,has attracted the attention of many researchers.The current research mainly focuses the realism and neo-Marxist theory in the analysis of foreign aid concept,from the perspective of national interest and the level of the world system.Yet,the liberalism emphasizes the morality,equality and justice,and believes in the importance of humanitarian in foreign aid.In the liberalist theory,a positive and optimistic attitude is shown in the implementation of external assistance aiming to reduce the Third World poverty and promote economic development,the spread of liberal values,the efficiency and the result evaluation of foreign aid is focused.The scholars who hold this theory appeal that national interests should be minimized or neglected and replaced by multinational humanitarian care and the establishment of the international interests in the growing awareness of the global community.